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You may want to have a say in this decision, or you may simply want to follow your doctor's recommendation. Either way, this information will help you understand what your choices are so that you can talk to your doctor about them.
ADHD: Should my child take medicine for ADHD?
Get the facts
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) affects a child's behavior and ability to pay attention. ADHD symptoms are noticed early in a child's life and continue into adulthood.
Children with ADHD tend to be:
It may be hard to know if your child has ADHD or is just misbehaving. It's normal for a child to be inattentive, impulsive, or hyperactive from time to time. But if these behaviors continue or become worse, they may be signs of ADHD.
The exact cause of ADHD is not clear, but it tends to run in families.
Some medical problems have symptoms that look like ADHD, so it's important that your child gets the right diagnosis. Your doctor may do some tests and ask you and your child questions to help rule out other problems, such as depression or an anxiety disorder. Sometimes the symptoms of bipolar disorder and ADHD can be confused.
The symptoms of ADHD can also be confused with a learning disability. A psychologist can do some tests to see if your child is having trouble learning how to read, write, or do math problems.
There is no cure for ADHD. But treatment can help manage your child's symptoms.
Without treatment, your child is more likely to:
Stimulant medicines are most often used to treat moderate to severe symptoms of ADHD. These medicines affect the way your child's brain controls impulses, behavior, and attention.
Stimulant medicines are sorted into two groups:
If these medicines don't help, your doctor may suggest other medicines to treat ADHD. These include:
Stimulant medicines are the most effective treatment for ADHD. They work fast and can improve ADHD symptoms in about 75 to 80 out of 100 children who take them. This means that they don't improve symptoms in about 20 to 25 out of 100 children who take them.1
Studies have shown that children who take stimulant medicines:2
Studies have also shown that:
Even though medicine can help reduce your child's symptoms, it can't solve all of your child's behavior problems. Your child may also benefit from counseling, behavior therapy, or social skills training.
Your child will take pills every day for as long as he or she needs them. It's important that your child takes the medicine as prescribed and keeps taking it so it has time to work.
If you don't see any improvement in your child's behavior, talk to your doctor. Your child may need to try several different medicines to find one that works for him or her.
You'll need to closely watch your child after he or she begins to take the medicine. The medicine may cause side effects, but they will usually go away within the first few weeks. If they don't, your doctor may need to lower the dose.
Common side effects include:
There is also a chance that your child's growth may be slowed. A study found that children who take stimulant medicine grow almost 0.5 in (1.3 cm) a year slower than children who don't take medicine. More studies are needed to see whether children taking these medicines might catch up over time.5, 6
Studies show that when used for only a short time, medicines for ADHD are safe and can help improve your child's behavior and quality of life. But there are some risks. And the effects of using these medicines over the long term haven't been studied. You'll need to weigh the benefits of your child taking medicine with the possible risks.
FDA advisories
There is a small chance that a child may think about suicide when he or she takes atomoxetine or an antidepressant. The FDA doesn't recommend that people stop using these medicines, but instead to watch for warning signs of suicide.
Studies by the FDA have found that:
All medicines approved for ADHD come with an FDA warning about possible heart-related or mental health problems. There have been reports of sudden death in patients who have heart problems or heart defects. And there have been reports of stroke or heart attack in adults with certain risk factors. Be sure to tell your doctor if your child has any heart problems, heart defects, or mental health problems or if there is a family history of these problems.
If your child's symptoms are mild, then treatments other than medicine may be enough to help your child improve his or her behavior. Behavioral therapies and extra support at home and in school can help your child be successful and feel better about himself or herself.
These treatments work for some children:
Your doctor may suggest that your child take medicine if:
Compare your options
Compare
What is usually involved? |
| |
What are the benefits? |
| |
What are the risks and side effects? |
|
Personal stories
Are you interested in what others decided to do? Many people have faced this decision. These personal stories may help you decide.
These stories are based on information gathered from health professionals and consumers. They may be helpful as you make important health decisions.
We thought that our son had a learning disability. He seemed "spacey" at times. When he was little, he couldn't pay attention long enough for me to read an entire book to him. As he got older, he did poorly on standardized tests at school. A psychiatrist finally diagnosed him with ADHD and suggested that medication might be helpful. We are thinking it over and will probably try it. Our son is old enough to help us with the decision too. I'm sure he would be happy to have some help staying on task at school and with his homework.
Parents of Michael, age 11
We thought our son was just a little more energetic than other kids. Then he started preschool. We got a call from the teacher on his second day there. Turns out he was a lot more "energetic" than the other kids. We have been working with his doctor and with the preschool teacher for several months on different ways to get him to sit still and stay on task. He's made some progress, but he is still a handful. We are trying to hold off on trying medication until he is around age 6. We realize that he may always need more than just a little extra attention in order to succeed in school.
Parents of Carlos, age 4
Our daughter Ann Marie doesn't have many friends at school. Her impulsive behavior is so out of control that none of the other kids want to play with her. It is hard for us, because we know what a warm and fun-loving child she is. When our doctor suggested that she might benefit from medications, we were happy to have an option that might make it easier for her to get along with her classmates.
Parents of Ann Marie, age 6
We aren't sure what our daughter's problem is—ADHD, learning disability, depression, or some combination of things. It's a little frustrating that it seems to be taking so long to figure it out, but we like our doctor and she has done a good job of helping us understand why there are no quick and easy answers. Our daughter isn't hyper like a lot of kids with ADHD, but she can't seem to pay attention in class and she's not doing well in school. We work with her most nights at home to help her focus on her homework, and we do not want to put her on any medication at this point. However, if her grades still aren't up at the end of this quarter, we may consider trying medication to help her focus.
Parents of Emily, age 7
If you need more information, see the topic Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons for your child to take medicine for ADHD
Reasons for your child not to take medicine
My child wants to try medicine.
My child doesn't want to try medicine.
My child's ADHD isn't improving with counseling alone.
I want my child to continue counseling, without medicine, at least for a while.
I'm worried that ADHD is affecting my child's schoolwork and relationships with friends and family.
My child's schoolwork and relationships with friends and family don't seem to be affected.
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Having my child take medicine
NOT having my child take medicine
What else do you need to make your decision?
Check the facts
Can medicine cure ADHD?
Do ADHD medicines have side effects?
Are there other ways to treat ADHD that don't involve taking medicine?
Decide what's next
Do you understand the options available to you?
Are you clear about which benefits and side effects matter most to you?
Do you have enough support and advice from others to make a choice?
Certainty
How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
Check what you need to do before you make this decision.
Use the following space to list questions, concerns, and next steps.
Your summary
Here's a record of your answers. You can use it to talk with your doctor or loved ones about your decision.

Next steps
Which way you're leaning
How sure you are
Your comments

Key concepts that you understood
Key concepts that may need review

Patient choices
| Author | Jeannette Curtis |
| Editor | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA |
| Associate Editor | Pat Truman, MATC |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Mina Dulcan, MD - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) affects a child's behavior and ability to pay attention. ADHD symptoms are noticed early in a child's life and continue into adulthood.
Children with ADHD tend to be:
It may be hard to know if your child has ADHD or is just misbehaving. It's normal for a child to be inattentive, impulsive, or hyperactive from time to time. But if these behaviors continue or become worse, they may be signs of ADHD.
The exact cause of ADHD is not clear, but it tends to run in families.
Some medical problems have symptoms that look like ADHD, so it's important that your child gets the right diagnosis. Your doctor may do some tests and ask you and your child questions to help rule out other problems, such as depression or an anxiety disorder. Sometimes the symptoms of bipolar disorder and ADHD can be confused.
The symptoms of ADHD can also be confused with a learning disability. A psychologist can do some tests to see if your child is having trouble learning how to read, write, or do math problems.
There is no cure for ADHD. But treatment can help manage your child's symptoms.
Without treatment, your child is more likely to:
Stimulant medicines are most often used to treat moderate to severe symptoms of ADHD. These medicines affect the way your child's brain controls impulses, behavior, and attention.
Stimulant medicines are sorted into two groups:
If these medicines don't help, your doctor may suggest other medicines to treat ADHD. These include:
Stimulant medicines are the most effective treatment for ADHD. They work fast and can improve ADHD symptoms in about 75 to 80 out of 100 children who take them. This means that they don't improve symptoms in about 20 to 25 out of 100 children who take them.1
Studies have shown that children who take stimulant medicines:2
Studies have also shown that:
Even though medicine can help reduce your child's symptoms, it can't solve all of your child's behavior problems. Your child may also benefit from counseling, behavior therapy, or social skills training.
Your child will take pills every day for as long as he or she needs them. It's important that your child takes the medicine as prescribed and keeps taking it so it has time to work.
If you don't see any improvement in your child's behavior, talk to your doctor. Your child may need to try several different medicines to find one that works for him or her.
You'll need to closely watch your child after he or she begins to take the medicine. The medicine may cause side effects, but they will usually go away within the first few weeks. If they don't, your doctor may need to lower the dose.
Common side effects include:
There is also a chance that your child's growth may be slowed. A study found that children who take stimulant medicine grow almost a year slower than children who don't take medicine. More studies are needed to see whether children taking these medicines might catch up over time.5, 6
Studies show that when used for only a short time, medicines for ADHD are safe and can help improve your child's behavior and quality of life. But there are some risks. And the effects of using these medicines over the long term haven't been studied. You'll need to weigh the benefits of your child taking medicine with the possible risks.
FDA advisories
There is a small chance that a child may think about suicide when he or she takes atomoxetine or an antidepressant. The FDA doesn't recommend that people stop using these medicines, but instead to watch for warning signs of suicide.
Studies by the FDA have found that:
All medicines approved for ADHD come with an FDA warning about possible heart-related or mental health problems. There have been reports of sudden death in patients who have heart problems or heart defects. And there have been reports of stroke or heart attack in adults with certain risk factors. Be sure to tell your doctor if your child has any heart problems, heart defects, or mental health problems or if there is a family history of these problems.
If your child's symptoms are mild, then treatments other than medicine may be enough to help your child improve his or her behavior. Behavioral therapies and extra support at home and in school can help your child be successful and feel better about himself or herself.
These treatments work for some children:
Your doctor may suggest that your child take medicine if:
| Have your child take medicine for ADHD | Don't have your child take medicine | |
|---|---|---|
| What is usually involved? |
|
|
| What are the benefits? |
|
|
| What are the risks and side effects? |
|
|
Are you interested in what others decided to do? Many people have faced this decision. These personal stories may help you decide.
If you need more information, see the topic Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
These stories are based on information gathered from health professionals and consumers. They may be helpful as you make important health decisions.
"We thought that our son had a learning disability. He seemed "spacey" at times. When he was little, he couldn't pay attention long enough for me to read an entire book to him. As he got older, he did poorly on standardized tests at school. A psychiatrist finally diagnosed him with ADHD and suggested that medication might be helpful. We are thinking it over and will probably try it. Our son is old enough to help us with the decision too. I'm sure he would be happy to have some help staying on task at school and with his homework."
— Parents of Michael, age 11
"We thought our son was just a little more energetic than other kids. Then he started preschool. We got a call from the teacher on his second day there. Turns out he was a lot more "energetic" than the other kids. We have been working with his doctor and with the preschool teacher for several months on different ways to get him to sit still and stay on task. He's made some progress, but he is still a handful. We are trying to hold off on trying medication until he is around age 6. We realize that he may always need more than just a little extra attention in order to succeed in school."
— Parents of Carlos, age 4
"Our daughter Ann Marie doesn't have many friends at school. Her impulsive behavior is so out of control that none of the other kids want to play with her. It is hard for us, because we know what a warm and fun-loving child she is. When our doctor suggested that she might benefit from medications, we were happy to have an option that might make it easier for her to get along with her classmates."
— Parents of Ann Marie, age 6
"We aren't sure what our daughter's problem is—ADHD, learning disability, depression, or some combination of things. It's a little frustrating that it seems to be taking so long to figure it out, but we like our doctor and she has done a good job of helping us understand why there are no quick and easy answers. Our daughter isn't hyper like a lot of kids with ADHD, but she can't seem to pay attention in class and she's not doing well in school. We work with her most nights at home to help her focus on her homework, and we do not want to put her on any medication at this point. However, if her grades still aren't up at the end of this quarter, we may consider trying medication to help her focus."
— Parents of Emily, age 7
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons for your child to take medicine for ADHD
Reasons for your child not to take medicine
My child wants to try medicine.
My child doesn't want to try medicine.
My child's ADHD isn't improving with counseling alone.
I want my child to continue counseling, without medicine, at least for a while.
I'm worried that ADHD is affecting my child's schoolwork and relationships with friends and family.
My child's schoolwork and relationships with friends and family don't seem to be affected.
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Having my child take medicine
NOT having my child take medicine
1. Can medicine cure ADHD?
2. Do ADHD medicines have side effects?
3. Are there other ways to treat ADHD that don't involve taking medicine?
1. Do you understand the options available to you?
2. Are you clear about which benefits and side effects matter most to you?
3. Do you have enough support and advice from others to make a choice?
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
2. Check what you need to do before you make this decision.
3. Use the following space to list questions, concerns, and next steps.
| Author | Jeannette Curtis |
| Editor | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA |
| Associate Editor | Pat Truman, MATC |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Mina Dulcan, MD - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |
Last Updated:March 17, 2009
Author:Jeannette Curtis
Medical Review:Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics & Mina Dulcan, MD - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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