I have adult acne. What is it, why does it happen and how can I get rid of it?
One of the most common skin problems that I see as a dermatologist is acne. It has been estimated to occur in approximately 70 million people. Acne can occur at any age; nearly all teenagers between the ages of 12 and 17 are affected. It may resolve spontaneously or persist into adulthood. There are four major causes of acne:
(1) Excessive oil (sebum) production caused by stimulation from androgens (sex hormones) in the body.
(2) Obstruction of the pores under the skin.
(3) Buildup of bacteria (propionibacterium acnes) in the skin.
(4) Inflammation caused by an increase of white blood cells into the acne lesions.
In adult women, acne can occur due to changing hormones throughout the monthly cycle, with flares occurring before menstruation. Also, oil-containing hairstyling products, cosmetics and moisturizers applied to the skin can clog the pores and cause acne.
One of the major concerns of patients of color who experience acne is the occurrence of dark spots or discoloration. These blemishes are the result of increased pigment (melanin) deposits caused by the inflammation of the skin from acne.
The good news is that now there are several acne treatments available that can clear up the existing breakouts and dark spots, as well as prevent new lesions from appearing. Here are some tips:
- Choose hair and skin care products that are oil-free and noncomedogenic.
- Over-the-counter products that contain salicylic acid, glycolic acid or benzoyl peroxide are excellent anti-acne agents as well as exfoliants; while eliminating acne, they can also produce an even-toned complexion.
- Use products containing hydroquinone (HQ) 1% to 2% to remove dark spots.
- For more severe forms of inflammatory acne, a doctor can prescribe oral or topical antibiotics.
- Topical retinoids, such as tretinoin (Retin-A), adapalene (Differin) and tazarotene (Tazorac) are used as maintenance therapy for acne. These prescription-strength acne meds also help to remove dark spots.
- Stronger and more effective treatments for blemishes are available by prescription. These agents contain higher concentrations of HQ (4%-8%).
- Cosmetic procedures, such as microdermabrasion and chemical peels, can exfoliate the skin and improve acne and diminish dark spots.
Valerie D. Callender, M.D. Director, Callender Skin & Laser Center, Mitchellville, MD CallenderSkin.com
If you have a skin-related question, send it to Ask Dr. Callender.
(This article is on iVillage.com courtesy of Alluring Looks.com)
