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Blood Glucose - Results
About this test
Normal
A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in your blood.
Results are often ready in 1 to 2 hours. Glucose levels in a blood sample taken from your vein (called a blood plasma value) may differ a little than glucose levels checked with a finger stick.
The normal values listed here—called a reference range—are just a guide. These ranges vary from lab to lab, and your lab may have a different range for what’s normal. Your lab report should contain the range your lab uses. Also, your doctor will evaluate your results based on your health and other factors. This means that a value that falls outside the normal values listed here may still be normal for you or your lab.
Fasting blood glucose: | 70–99 milligrams per deciliter (3.9–5.5 mmol/L) |
|---|---|
2 hours after eating (postprandial): | 70–145 mg/dL (3.9–8.1 mmol/L) |
Random (casual): | 70–125 mg/dL (3.9–6.9 mmol/L) |
Many conditions can change your blood glucose levels. Your doctor will discuss any significant abnormal results with you in relation to your symptoms and past health.
High values
You may have diabetes. But your doctor will not use just one test result to diagnose you with the condition.
- The
American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for
diagnosing
diabetes are met when any of the following results
have been repeated on at least two different days:
- A fasting blood glucose level is 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher.
- A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher. For more information, see the medical test Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.
- Symptoms of diabetes are present and a random blood glucose test is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher. Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and frequent urination (especially at night), unexplained increase in appetite, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, erection problems, blurred vision, and tingling or numbness in the hands or feet.
- If your fasting blood glucose level measures in the range of 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) to 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L), you are considered to have prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose), and you have an increased chance of getting diabetes.
- Other conditions that can cause high blood glucose levels include severe stress, heart attack, stroke, Cushing's syndrome, medicines such as corticosteroids, or excess production of growth hormone (acromegaly).
Low values
A fasting glucose level below 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) in women or below 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) in men that is accompanied by symptoms of hypoglycemia may mean you have an insulinoma, a tumor that produces abnormally high amounts of insulin.
Low glucose levels also may be caused by:
- Addison's disease.
- Decreased thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism).
- A tumor in the pituitary gland.
- Liver disease, such as cirrhosis.
- Kidney failure.
- Malnutrition or an eating disorder, such as anorexia.
- Medicines used to treat diabetes.
| By: | Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: July 14, 2009 |
| Medical Review: | Caroline S. Rhoads, MD - Internal Medicine David C.W. Lau, MD, PhD, FRCPC - Endocrinology | |
© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
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