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Bradycardia (Slow Heart Rate) - References
SYMPTOMS & TREATMENTS
Other Works Consulted
Baddour LM, et al. (2010). Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 121(3): 458–477.
Cheng S, et al. (2009). Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA, 301(24): 2571–2577.
Epstein AE, et al. (2008). ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices): Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation, 117(21): e350–e408. [Correction in Circulation, 120(5): e34–e35.]
Gregoratos G, et al. (2002). ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: Summary article. Circulation, 106(16): 2145–2161.
Hayes DL, Zipes DP (2008). Cardiac pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators. In P Libby et al., eds., Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 831–861. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Olgin JE, Zipes DP (2008). Bradyarrhythmias section of Specific arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment. In P Libby et al., eds., Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 909–913. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Vijayaraman P, Ellenbogen KA (2004). Bradyarrhythmias and pacemakers. In V Fuster et al., eds., Hurst's The Heart, 11th ed., pp. 893–925. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wilkoff BL, et al. (2008). HRS/EHRA expert consensus on the monitoring of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDS): Description of techniques, indications, personnel, frequency and ethical considerations. Heart Rhythm, 5(6): 907–925. Available online: http://www.hrsonline.org/Policy/ClinicalGuidelines/upload/cieds_guidelines.pdf.
Wolbrette DL, Naccarelli GV (2007). Bradycardias: Sinus nodal dysfunction and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. In EJ Topol et al., eds., Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 3rd ed., pp. 1038–1049. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
| By: | Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: November 18, 2010 |
| Medical Review: | Caroline S. Rhoads, MD - Internal Medicine John M. Miller, MD - Electrophysiology | |
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