Chondroitin Sulfate

 
Chondroitin Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate consists of repeating chains of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Chondroitin sulfate is a major constituent of cartilage, providing structure, holding water and nutrients, and allowing other molecules to move through cartilage—an important property, as there is no blood supply to cartilage.

What Are "Star" Ratings?

a7_3star Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.

a7_2star Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.

a7_1star For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support.

Our proprietary “Star-Rating” system was developed to help you easily understand the amount of scientific support behind each supplement in relation to a specific health condition. While there is no way to predict whether a vitamin, mineral, or herb will successfully treat or prevent associated health conditions, our unique ratings tell you how well these supplements are understood by the medical community, and whether studies have found them to be effective for other people.

For over a decade, our team has combed through thousands of research articles published in reputable journals. To help you make educated decisions, and to better understand controversial or confusing supplements, our medical experts have digested the science into these three easy-to-follow ratings. We hope this provides you with a helpful resource to make informed decisions towards your health and well-being.

This supplement has been used in connection with the following health conditions:


Used for AmountWhy
Osteoarthritis
800 to 1,200 mg a day 3 stars Many trials have shown that supplementing with chondroitin sulfate reduces pain, increases joint mobility, and promotes healing within the joints.

3 stars Osteoarthritis

800 to 1,200 mg a day

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major component of the lining of joints. The structure of CS includes molecules related to glucosamine sulfate. CS levels have been reported to be reduced in joint cartilage affected by OA. Possibly as a result, CS supplementation may help restore joint function in people with OA.1 On the basis of preliminary evidence, researchers had believed that oral CS was not absorbed in humans;2 as a result, early double-blind CS research was done mostly by giving injections.3, 4 This research documented clinical benefits from CS injections. It now appears, however, that a significant amount of CS is absorbable in humans,5 though dissolving CS in water leads to better absorption than swallowing whole pills.6

Strong clinical evidence now supports the use of oral CS supplements for OA. Many double-blind trials have shown that CS supplementation consistently reduces pain, increases joint mobility, and/or shows evidence (including X-ray changes) of healing within joints of people with OA.7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 Most trials have used 400 mg of CS taken two to three times per day. One trial found that taking the full daily amount (1,200 mg) at one time was as effective as taking 400 mg three times per day.17 Reduction in symptoms typically occurs within several months.


Used for AmountWhy
Atherosclerosis
Refer to label instructions 1 star Preliminary research shows that chondroitin sulfate may prevent atherosclerosis and may also prevent heart attacks in people who already have atherosclerosis.

1 star Atherosclerosis

Preliminary research shows that chondroitin sulfate may prevent atherosclerosis in animals and humans and may also prevent heart attacks in people who already have atherosclerosis.18 , 19 However, further research is needed to determine the value of chondroitin sulfate supplements for preventing or treating atherosclerosis.


Used for AmountWhy
Heart Attack
Refer to label instructions 1 star Taking chondroitin sulfate may reduce the risk of heart attack in people with a history of heart disease or who are at risk for heart attack.

1 star Heart Attack

Years ago, researchers reported that taking for six years substantially reduced the risk of fatal and nonfatal heart attacks in people with . Chondroitin may work by inhibiting and by acting as an anticoagulant. The few doctors aware of these older studies sometimes recommend that people with a history of heart disease or who are at risk for heart attack take approximately 500 mg of chondroitin sulfate three times per day.

Used for AmountWhy
High Cholesterol
Refer to label instructions 1 star Chondroitin sulfate has lowered serum cholesterol levels in preliminary trials.

1 star High Cholesterol

Chondroitin sulfate has lowered serum cholesterol levels in preliminary trials.20, 21 Years ago, this supplement dramatically reduced the risk of heart attacks in a controlled, six-year follow-up of people with heart disease.22 The few doctors aware of these older clinical trials sometimes tell people with a history of heart disease or elevated cholesterol levels, to take approximately 500 mg of chondroitin sulfate three times per day.

Used for AmountWhy
Kidney Stones
Refer to label instructions 1 star Chondroitin sulfate may help reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. One trial found that glycosamionoglycans significantly lowered urinary oxalate levels, which reduces the risk of stone formation.

1 star Kidney Stones

Chondroitin sulfate may play a role in reducing the risk of kidney stone formation. One trial found 60 mg per day of glycosamionoglycans significantly lowered urinary oxalate levels in stone formers.23 Chondroitin sulfate is a type of glycosaminoglycan. A decrease in urinary oxalate levels should reduce the risk of stone formation.


Used for AmountWhy
Sprains and Strains
Refer to label instructions 1 star Chondroitin sulfate may promote wound healing by providing the raw material needed by the body to manufacture molecules found in skin, tendons, ligaments, and joints.

1 star Sprains and Strains

Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate may both play a role in wound healing by providing the raw material needed by the body to manufacture molecules called glycosaminoglycans found in skin, tendons, ligaments, and joints.24 Test tube and animal studies have found that these substances, and others like them, can promote improved tissue healing.25, 26, 27, 28 Injectable forms of chondroitin sulfate have been used in Europe for various types of sports-related injuries to tendons and joints,29, 30, 31, 32 and one preliminary trial reported reduced pain and good healing in young athletes with chondromalacia patella (cartilage softening in the knee) who were given 750–1,500 mg per day of oral glucosamine sulfate.33 However, specific human trials of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate for healing sprains and strains are lacking.

Also indexed as:
  • chondroitin,
  • chondroitin and glucosamine,
  • condroitin and glucosamine,
  • condroitin sulfate,
  • degenerative arthritis,
  • degenerative joint disease,
  • DJD,
  • osteoarthritis,
  • osteoarthritis of ankle,
  • osteoarthritis of ankle and foot,
  • osteoarthritis of elbow,
  • osteoarthritis of foot,
  • osteoarthritis of forearm,
  • osteoarthritis of hand,
  • osteoarthritis of hip,
  • osteoarthritis of knee,
  • osteoarthritis of lower leg,
  • osteoarthritis of pelvis,
  • osteoarthritis of pelvis and thigh,
  • osteoarthritis of shoulder,
  • osteoarthritis of thigh,
  • osteoarthritis of upper arm,
  • osteoarthritis of wrist

About this treatment

How to Use It

For atherosclerosis, researchers have sometimes started therapy using very high amounts, such as 5 grams twice per day with meals, lowering the amount to 500 mg three times per day after a few months. Before taking such high amounts, people should consult a doctor. For osteoarthritis, a typical level is 400 mg three times per day. Oral chondroitin sulfate is rapidly absorbed in humans when it is dissolved in water prior to ingestion. Approximately 12% of chondroitin sulfate taken by mouth becomes available to the joint tissues from the blood.

Where to Find It

The only significant food source of chondroitin sulfate is animal cartilage.

Possible Deficiencies

Because the body makes chondroitin, the possibility of a dietary deficiency remains uncertain. Nevertheless, chondroitin sulfate may be reduced in joint cartilage affected by osteoarthritis and possibly other forms of arthritis.


Last Review: 05-11-2011

LogoCpyrt.gif

Copyright © 2011 Aisle7. All rights reserved. www.Aisle7.net

Learn more about Aisle7, the company.

The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2011.

© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.

Advertisement
Care Circle

It Seems That You Are Not Logged In...

OR

Join Now

Welcome to Care Circle, an exclusive tool to help you take care of yourself and your loved ones. Here's how it works:

  1. Create profiles for yourself and your loved ones.
  2. Select the topics and conditions that interest each of you.
  3. Get customized news updates, original content, tools, and expert advice for each Care Circle member delivered directly to your personalized homepage.

The information you input is strictly private; you choose who has access to your Care Circle.

How do I add myself or someone else to my care circle?

Click on "Add someone." Fill out the short profile. Choose an avatar. Select the topics and conditions that interest this person from the pulldown menu. You can select as many as you want, but you must choose at least one. Click on "Add Someone" again. You should start getting updates immediately.

How do I save content to my Care Circle?

Click on "Manage My Care Circle." Select the tab of the person for whom you're saving content. Put your cursor over the piece of content that you want to save; a disk icon will appear in the righthand corner. Click on the disk and the piece of content will be moved to a save folder.

How do I add additional topics and conditions for someone in my Care Circle?

Click on "Manage My Care Circle." Select the tab for the person whose preferences you'd like to update. Under "Add More to Follow," select additional topics and conditions.

How do I delete topics and conditions for someone in my Care Circle?

Click on "Manage My Care Circle." Select the tab for the person whose preferences you'd like to update. Under "Follows," scroll over the topic or condition you want to delete. An "X" should appear on the righthand side. Click on the "X" and the topic or condition will be deleted from the list.