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Color Blindness - Topic Overview
SYMPTOMS & TREATMENTS
What is color blindness?
Color blindness means that you have trouble seeing red, green, or blue or a mix of these colors. It’s rare that a person sees no color at all.
Color blindness is also called a color vision problem.
A color vision problem can change your life. It makes it harder to learn and read, and you may not be able to have certain careers. But children and adults with color vision problems can learn to make up for their problems seeing color.
What causes color blindness?
Most color vision problems are inherited (genetic) and are present at birth.
People usually have three types of cone cells in the eye. Each type senses either red, green, or blue light. You see color when your cone cells sense different amounts of these three basic colors. Most cone cells are found in the macula, which is the central part of the retina.
See a picture of the eye 
that shows the retina and the macula.
Inherited color blindness happens when you don't have one of these types of cone cells or they don't work right. You may not see one of these three basic colors, or you may see a different shade of that color or a different color. This type of color vision problem doesn't change over time.
A color vision problem isn't always inherited. In some cases, a person can have an acquired color vision problem. This can be caused by:
- Aging.
- Eye problems, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, cataracts, or diabetic retinopathy.
- Injury to the eye.
- Side effects of some medicines.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of color vision problems vary:
- You may be able to see some colors but not others. For instance, you may not be able to tell the difference between red and green but can see blue and yellow.
- You may see many colors, so you may not know that you see color differently from others.
- You may only be able to see a few shades of color, while most people can see thousands of colors.
- In rare cases, you may see only black, white, and gray.
How is color blindness diagnosed?
Tests measure how well you recognize different colors.
- In one type of test, you look at sets of colored dots and try to find a pattern in them, such as a letter or number. The patterns you see help your doctor know which colors you have trouble with.
- In another type of test, you arrange colored chips in order according to how similar the colors are. People with color vision problems cannot arrange the colored chips correctly.
Because a color vision problem can have a big impact on a person's life, it is important to detect the problem as early as possible. In children, color vision problems can affect learning abilities and reading development. And color vision problems may limit career choices that require you to tell colors apart. Most experts recommend eye exams for children between ages 3 and 5. Vision screening is recommended for all children at least once before entering school, preferably between the ages of 3 and 4.
How is it treated?
Inherited color vision problems cannot be treated or corrected.
Some acquired color vision problems can be treated, depending on the cause. For example, if a cataract is causing a problem with color vision, surgery to remove the cataract may restore normal color vision.
You can find ways to help make up for a color vision problem, such as:
- Wearing colored contact lenses. These may help you see differences between colors. But these lenses don't provide normal color vision and can distort objects.
- Wearing glasses that block glare. People with color vision problems can see differences between colors better when there is less glare and brightness.
- Learning to look for cues like brightness or location, rather than colors. For example, you can learn the order of the three colored lights on a traffic signal.
How can you help a child who has color blindness?
Color vision problems can make learning and reading hard for children, which can lead to poor schoolwork and low self-esteem.
You can help your child by:
- Making sure your child is tested for color vision problems during routine eye tests. The sooner you know there is a problem, the sooner you can help your child. Eye exams should be done at all well-child visits.1
- Telling your child’s teachers and other school staff about the problem. Suggest seating your child where there is no glare and using a color of chalk that your child can see.
| By: | Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: April 14, 2011 |
| Medical Review: | Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine Christopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology | |
© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
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