Down Syndrome - What Happens

SYMPTOMS & TREATMENTS

Although having Down syndrome presents some challenges, most people with the condition can flourish and live healthy, happy, and productive lives.

Many of the challenges are related to intellectual disability and health problems. People with Down syndrome are prone to certain diseases or conditions, such as hypothyroidism, or other health problems, such as hearing loss or respiratory infections.

You can help your child grow and develop by offering continual love and reassurance. Make sure he or she has routine medical care by a team of caring health professionals. You will also help your child by providing access to a good learning environment and to activities that encourage exercise and interactions with other children. For more information, see the topics:

Physical Activity for Children and Teens.
Helping Children With Disabilities Stay Active.

Although the specific effects vary with each child, it may help you to be familiar with some general patterns of Down syndrome.

Babies with Down syndrome

Babies usually reach growth and early development milestones (such as turning over, sitting, standing, walking, and speaking) later than other children. Special training, such as speech therapy, may be needed.

Children with Down syndrome

Health problems and developmental disabilities can contribute to the development of behavior problems. For example, a child may develop oppositional defiant disorder in part because he or she does not communicate well or understand others' expectations.

Patience, educational and socialization opportunities, and appropriate physical activities can help prevent or manage problem behavior. Counseling and medicines may be needed if a child develops mental health problems such as anxiety or depression.

Teens with Down syndrome

Puberty starts at about the same ages for teens with Down syndrome as for other preteens and young teenagers. It is a good idea to learn about the possible social difficulties and vulnerabilities your child with Down syndrome may face. For example, teens with Down syndrome are vulnerable to abuse, injury, and other types of harm. They may also have more than the usual difficulties with handling strong emotions and feelings typical of their age. Sometimes these struggles can lead to mental health problems, especially depression.

Teens usually graduate from high school, unless their disabilities are severe. Vocational training helps many young adults learn how to work in many settings, such as stores, restaurants, and hotels.

Adults with Down syndrome

Most adults with Down syndrome function well in mainstream society. They often have regular jobs, have friends and romantic relationships, and participate in community activities.

Men with Down syndrome most often are sterile and cannot father children. Many women with Down syndrome can have children, but they usually have early menopause.

By: Healthwise StaffLast Revised: February 10, 2010
Medical Review: Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics
Siobhan M. Dolan, MD, MPH - Reproductive Genetics
David Smith, MD - Family Medicine

© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.

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