Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - References

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Put a freeze on frequent heartburn. Find out if GERD may be causing that uncomfortable burning sensation, then care for the symptoms. According to research or other evidence, the following self-care steps may be helpful.
  • Try a little licorice

    Support mucous-membrane healing by chewing 250 to 500 mg of deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) before meals and bedtime.

  • Kick unhealthy habits

    Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol to ease irritation that could lead to cancer of the esophagus.

  • Uncover the irritants

    Experiment with your diet to find out what triggers the discomfort; high-fat foods, spicy foods, peppermint, spearmint, chocolate, and acidic beverages are all potential culprits.

  • Schedule your meals

    Avoid eating prior to exercise and right before bedtime to reduce symptoms.

These recommendations are not comprehensive and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or pharmacist. Continue reading for more in-depth, fully referenced information.
  • Slim down

    Aim for a healthy weight to reduce your risk of developing GERD.

  • Don’t overdo alcohol

    Avoid excessive alcohol use that weakens the esophageal sphincter and increases the risk of GERD symptoms.

  • Address your stress

    To reduce the impact of stress on GERD risk, find a program that includes group counseling, instruction in coping skills, relaxation training, and other helpful techniques for stress reduction.

  • Keep your kid smoke-free

    Avoid exposing your infant child to secondhand smoke, as it has been linked with GERD.

  • Check your child for allergies

    See a health professional to find out if your infant child has allergies to milk or other proteins that can increase the risk of GERD.

These recommendations are not comprehensive and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or pharmacist. Continue reading for more in-depth, fully referenced information.
Also indexed as:
  • acid reflux,
  • gastroesophageal reflux,
  • gastroesophageal reflux disease,
  • gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),
  • GERD,
  • reflux,
  • reflux disease,
  • reflux esophagitis,
  • stomach acid reflux
Alternative Treatments

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1. Gignoux M, Launoy G. Recent epidemiologic trends in cancer of the esophagus. Rev Prat 1999;49:1154–8 [in French].

2. Nebel OT, Castell DO. Lower esophageal pressure changes after food ingestion. Gastroenterology 1972;63:778–83.

3. Becker DJ, Sinclair J, Castell DO, Wu WC. A comparison of high and low fat meals on postprandial esophageal acid exposure. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:782–6.

4. Penagini R, Mangano M, Bianchi PA. Effect of increasing the fat content but not the energy load of a meal on gasto-oesophageal reflux and lower oesophageal sphincter motor function. Gut 1998;42:330–3.

5. Pehl C, Waizenhoefer A, Wendl B, et al. Effect of low and high fat meals on lower esophageal sphincter motility and gastroesophageal reflux in healthy subjects. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1192–6.

6. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Overweight, but not high dietary fat intake, increases risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease hospitalization: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study. First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:424–35.

7. Rodriguez S, Miner P, Robinson M, et al. Meal type affects heartburn severity. Dig Dis Sci 1998;14:157–9.

8. Moneret-Vautrin DA. Cow’s milk allergy. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 1999;31:201–10 [review].

9. McLain BI, Cameron DJ, Barnes GL. Is cow’s milk protein intolerance a cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux in infancy? J Paediatr Child Health 1994;30:316–8.

10. Forget P, Arends JW. Cow’s milk protein allergy and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Eur J Pediatr 1985;144:298–300.

11. Staiano A, Troncone R, Simeone D, et al. Differentiation of cow’s milk intolerance and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Arch Dis Child 1995;73:439–42.

12. Iacono G, Carroccio A, Cavataio F, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux and cow’s milk allergy in infants: a prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996:97:822–7.

13. Staiano A, Troncone R, Simeone D, et al. Differentiation of cow’s milk intolerance and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Arch Dis Child 1995;73:439–42.

14. Forget P, Arends JW. Cow’s milk protein allergy and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Eur J Pediatr 1985;144:298–300.

15. Hill DJ, Cameron DS, Catto-Smith A, et al. Multiple food protein intolerance (MFPI) as a cause of reflux oesophagitis in infancy: results of a pilot study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:S89 [abstract].

16. Hill DJ, Hosking CS, Heine RG. Clinical spectrum of food allergy in children in Australia and South-East Asia: identification and targets for treatment. Ann Med 1999;31:272–81 [review].

17. Sigmund CJ, McNally EF. The action of a carminitive on the lower esophageal sphincter. Gastroenterology 1969;56:13–8.

18. Wright LE, Castell DO. The adverse effect of chocolate on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Dig Dis 1975;20:703–7.

19. Murphy DW, Castell DO. Chocolate and heartburn: Evidence of increased esophageal acid exposure after chocolate ingestion. Am J Gastroenterol 1988;83:633–6.

20. Feldman M, Barnett C. Relationships between the acidity and osmolality of popular beverages and reported postprandial heartburn. Gastroenterology 1995;108:125–31.

21. Morgan AG, Pacsoo C, McAdam WA. Maintenance therapy: A two year comparison between Caved-S and cimetidine treatment in the prevention of symptomatic gastric ulcer. Gut 1985;26:599–602.

22. Kassir ZA. Endoscopic controlled trial of four drug regimens in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration. Ir Med J 1985;78:153–6.

23. Glick L. Deglycyrrhinated licorice in peptic ulcer. Lancet 1982;ii:817 [letter].

24. Das SK, Das V, Gulati AK, Singh VP. Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in aphthous ulcers. J Assoc Physicians India 1989;37:647.

25. Markham C, Reed PI. Pyrogastrone treatment of peptic oesophagitis: analysis of 104 patients treated during a 3 1/2-year period. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1980;65:73–82.

26. Reed PI, Davies WA. Controlled trial of a carbenoxolone/alginate antacid combination in reflux oesophagitis. Curr Med Res Opin 1978;5:637–44.

27. Young GP, Nagy GS, Myren J, et al. Treatment of reflux oesophagitis with a carbenoxolone/antacid/alginate preparation. A double-blind controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986;21:1098–104.

28. Maxton DG, Heald J, Whorwell PJ, Haboubi NY. Controlled trial of pyrogastrone and cimetidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Gut 1990;31:351–4.

29. Golan R. Optimal Wellness. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, 373–4.

30. Chevrel B. A comparative crossover study on the treatment of heartburn and epigastric pain: Liquid Gaviscon and a magnesium-aluminum antacid gel. J Int Med Res 1980;8:300–3.

31. Golan R. Optimal Wellness. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, 373–4.

32. Golan R. Optimal Wellness. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, 373–4.

33. Chevrel B. A comparative crossover study on the treatment of heartburn and epigastric pain: Liquid Gaviscon and a magnesium-aluminum antacid gel. J Int Med Res 1980;8:300–3.

34. Golan R. Optimal Wellness. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, 373–4.

35. Chevrel B. A comparative crossover study on the treatment of heartburn and epigastric pain: Liquid Gaviscon and a magnesium-aluminum antacid gel. J Int Med Res 1980;8:300–3.

36. Golan R. Optimal Wellness. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, 373–4.

37. Chevrel B. A comparative crossover study on the treatment of heartburn and epigastric pain: Liquid Gaviscon and a magnesium-aluminum antacid gel. J Int Med Res 1980;8:300–3.

Last Review: 05-11-2011

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The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. Self-treatment is not recommended for life-threatening conditions that require medical treatment under a doctor's care. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2011.

© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.

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