Genital Warts (Human Papillomavirus) - Cause

SYMPTOMS & TREATMENTS

HPV infection is caused by a virus. More than 100 types of HPV have been found. Some types cause genital warts and some can lead to cervical cancer. Types 6 and 11 cause most genital warts. Other types such as 16 and 18 are high-risk and can cause abnormal cell changes on the cervix.

How the disease is spread (transmission)

HPV is spread by direct contact.

  • The virus can be spread to or from the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat during sexual activities. But warts in the mouth or throat are extremely rare. Condoms can lower your risk of getting genital warts. You can prevent infection when you use them every time you have sex.
  • After the infection occurs, it may spread to other areas of the genitals or to the anal area.
  • You can spread the virus even if you do not have any symptoms of infection or any visible warts.
  • There is a small chance that a pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby. It is unknown if it is spread during vaginal delivery or if it is spread during the pregnancy. Most women with genital warts do not need to have a cesarean delivery. But your doctor might recommend a cesarean delivery if the genital warts would be in the way or bleed a lot during vaginal delivery.1
By: Healthwise StaffLast Revised: June 28, 2010
Medical Review: Sarah Anne Marshall, MD - Family Medicine
Jeanne Marrazzo, MD, MPH - Infectious Disease

© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.

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