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Skin Cancer, Melanoma
- Topic Overview
-
Health Tools
- Cause
- Symptoms
- What Happens
- What Increases Your Risk
- When To Call a Doctor
- Exams and Tests
- Treatment Overview
- Prevention
- Home Treatment
- Medications
- Surgery
- Other Treatment
- Other Places To Get Help
- Related Information
- References
- Credits
Early signs
The most important warning sign for
melanoma is any change in size,
shape, or color of a
mole or other skin growth, such as a birthmark. Watch
for changes that occur over a period of weeks to a month. Use the
ABCDE rule 
to evaluate skin changes, and call your health professional if you
have any of the following changes.
- A is for
asymmetry . One half of the mole or skin growth doesn't
match the other half.
- B is for
border irregularity . The edges are ragged, notched, or blurred.
- C
is for color . The pigmentation is not uniform. Shades of tan,
brown, and black are present. Dashes of red, white, and blue add to the mottled
appearance. Changes in color distribution, especially the spread of color from
the edge of a mole into the surrounding skin, also are an early sign of
melanoma.
- D is for
diameter . The mole or skin growth is larger than
6 mm (0.25 in.) or about the
size of a pencil eraser. Any growth of a mole should be of
concern.
- E is for evolution . There is a change in the size, shape,
symptoms (such as itching or tenderness), surface (especially bleeding), or
color of a mole.
Signs of melanoma in an existing mole include changes in:
- Elevation, such as thickening or raising of a previously flat mole.
- Surface, such as scaling, erosion, oozing, bleeding, or crusting.
- Surrounding skin, such as redness, swelling, or small new patches of color around a larger lesion (satellite pigmentations).
- Sensation, such as itching, tingling, or burning.
- Consistency, such as softening or small pieces that break off easily (friability).
Melanoma can develop in an existing mole or other mark on the skin, but it often develops in unmarked skin. Although melanoma can grow anywhere on the body, it often occurs on the upper back of men and women and on the legs in women. Less often, it can grow on the soles, palms, nail beds, or mucous membranes that line body cavities such as the mouth, the rectum, and the vagina. On older people, the face is the most common place for melanoma to grow. And in older men, the most common sites are the neck, scalp, and ears.1
Many other skin conditions (such as seborrheic keratosis, warts, and basal cell cancer) have features similar to those of melanoma.
Later symptoms
Later signs of melanoma include:
- A break in the skin or bleeding from a mole or other colored skin lesion.
- Pain in a mole or lesion.
Symptoms of metastatic melanoma may be vague and include:
- Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the armpit or groin.
- A colorless lump or thickening under the skin.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Gray skin (melanosis).
- Ongoing (chronic) cough.
- Headaches.
- Seizures.
| By: | Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: February 8, 2011 |
| Medical Review: | Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine Alexander H. Murray, MD, FRCPC - Dermatology | |
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